International Association of Accessibility Professionals (IAAP) Certified Administrative Professional (CAP) Practice Exam

Which theory emphasizes employee participation in decision-making?

1. Theory X

2. Theory Y

3. Theory Z

4. Theory A

The correct answer is: Theory Z

The correct answer, which highlights employee participation in decision-making, is Theory Z. This theory, developed by William Ouchi, integrates elements of both American and Japanese management styles and places a strong emphasis on employee involvement in the decision-making process. Theory Z supports strategies that encourage participation, teamwork, and collaboration among employees, resulting in enhanced job satisfaction and organizational commitment. In contrast, Theory X is based on a more traditional and autocratic approach, where it is assumed that employees require direct supervision and control, leading to limited participation in decision-making. Theory Y, while promoting a positive view of employees and their potential for self-direction, does not specifically emphasize participation to the extent that Theory Z does. Theory A is not a widely recognized theory in this context and does not pertain to employee participation in decision-making processes. Thus, Theory Z is recognized as the theory that most effectively promotes and embodies the concept of employee involvement and participation in decision-making.